Ethnobotanical Study of Antifungal Medicinal plant in the region of El Bayadh (Algeria)

 

Mustapha Mahmoud Dif1,3, Omar Alami1, Amel Haderia Benchohra2,3, Naima Allali1

1Department of Nature and Life. Institute of Science Nour el Bachir Center University El Bayadh Algeria 32000.

2Department of Environment Nature and Life Faculty Djilali Liabes University Sidi Bel Abbes Algeria 22000.

3Ecodeveloppement of Spaces Laboratory Djilali Liabes University Sidi Bel Abbes Algeria 22000.

*Corresponding Author E-mail: mustitus17@hotmail.com

 

ABSTRACT:

The neighborhood populace of El Bayad city addresses the current study to realize medicinal plants utilized in natural medication customary and the effect of these plants in human pathogenic microbes and parasites treatment. Our results got made it conceivable to distinguish 64 restorative species having a place with 37 plant families. The fundamental family is the Lamiaceae.The entire plants and the leaves are the most utilized part, and most cures are ready as maceration and decoctions. These homegrown cures are controlled orally, particularly as natural tea. Of the relative multitude of sicknesses treated, gastrointestinal issues, for example, torment and ulcers in the stomach and throat brought about by growths are the most moved for inner therapy, and the most well-known illnesses for therapy outside it is skin illnesses, for example, psoriasis, skin aggravations, and scalp issues brought about by organisms and microbes.

 

KEYWORDS: Medicinal plants, the region of El bayad, Lamiaceae, traditional herbal medicine.

 

 

INTRODUCTION:

A large variety of plants have shown potent biological activities1 Plants products function are an alternate to artificial product due to native accessibility, eco friendly nature and lower price compared to foreign artificial product2. presently, edible plants area unit found to possess medical specialty activities and area unit employed in varied domains3.  Therefore, healthful herbs, formulations are rumored for his or her effective action in hindrance and treatment of pathologies4. Thus. The use of flavouring extracts in varied forms is entirely according to the first health-care principles in some countries5.

 

Therefore, the identification of natural product formulation to manage pathologies is a pretty strategy to develop potential pharmaceutical formulations6.

 

Plants and their parts address the main wellspring of cures. Restorative plants comprise a valuable legacy for humankind and even more, especially for the most unfortunate networks in non-industrial nations who rely upon them for their essential medical care and their resource7.

 

The occurrence of obtrusive mycoses created in immunocompromised patients has changed as of late8. Dermatophytosis is due to dermatophytes or candidiasis brought about by yeasts. Candidiasis most widely recognized yeast contamination is normally present on the skin and in the digestive system. On the skin, they are regularly tracked down in the folds and on the rear end, particularly in small kids9.

 

To help populaces and particularly the immunocompromised to get more benefit from the utilization of restorative plants, we embraced assessing on a logical level, the viability of plants with hostile to infective remedial ethics, as well as their poisonousness on cells. To accomplish the development of new plant-based particles that would be viable against parasitic contaminations at a lower cost and open to all. In this way, an ethnobotanical study did in the locale of El Bayad.

 

Ethnobotanical survey:

The ethnobotanical review is critical to studying and figuring out the human-plant relationship. It is fundamental for information on restorative plants and their purposes. Broad information on the most proficient method to involve plants against human pathogenic parasites in regions where using plants is still critical. This study means to portray the sort, recurrence, reason, and example of the purpose of Natural arrangements as a complementary medication as an example of individuals in the locale of El Bayad. (Figure 1)

 

Figure 1: Location of the wilaya of EL Bayadh.

 

1. Population and type of study: We directed a graphic cross-sectional review given a survey on the utilization of restorative plants by individuals who utilize customary natural medication. The poll was appropriated to 100 overview structures (46 men and 54 women).

 

The poll contains information connecting with socio-segment data, for example, gender, age, intellectual level, family situation, fungal diseases types, names of plants used, fungal diseases types, and so on.

 

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION:

A: Breakdown by gender and marital status:

During our examination of antifungal plants in the El-Bayad district, we observed that there was no regard for the significance of the utilization of restorative plants for the two genders (male and female). (Figure 2).

 

Different organizations in the Aures districts (Algeria) and Kabylie10,11 have shown that women go more to phytotherapy.

 

Figure 2: Breakdown by gender

 

On the other hand, we observed that women are more taught than men about the use of restorative plants to treat human pathogenic growths, 54% contrasted with 46% for men.

 

B: Breakdown by age:

The most elevated extent of homegrown use was seen among the age gatherings (30 to 80 years of age) more than 59% while the rates of purpose among the most youthful (20 to 30 years of age) were considerably less (18%). This observable contrast might be because of the way that a record. (Figure 3)

 

Figure 3: Breakdown by age

 

More established individuals are more proficient in conventional medication and its utilization of restorative plants through information passed down from one age to another. This outcome affirms that of other work done at the public level12.

 

C: Distribution according to intellectual level:

In the review region: most restorative plant clients have a crucial level of 41%. These outcomes are like those acquired13.

In our review, 32% of respondents had a college level while 27% were unskilled. These outcomes are the same as these examinations completed in Marrakech (Morocco)14.

 

We were made capable by the outcomes of the dosages of plants by individuals who were asked to reliably acquire comparative outcomes with the review done in Biskra 11, our review counted 100 individuals, we have the option to gather from their data 100 overview sheets to distinguish 64 types of restorative plants.

 

Figure 4: Breakdown by intellectual level

 

D: Breakdown by plant families:

These plants as well as their frequencies and modes of deferent use (Table1), certain medicinal plants are used for internal treatment within the digestive system like: "Atriplex halimus" which is a plant against microbes and strengthens the immune system, and also plants used as a treatment for fungi that infect the tongue, throat, intestines, and stomach ex "Teucrium polium" or they are used as a herbal tea. Including what is used for external treatment i.e. to treat fungi that infect human skin "Mentha" Melissa officinalis like allergies, psoriasis, and skin rashes. In this case, medicinal plants are used as a compressor as a lotion for the skin.

 

The methods of preparation most commonly used by the population concerned are decoction and maceration because the majority of medicinal plants are used in the form of herbal tea, the temperature of which influences the property of the active molecules and for the treatment of fungi15.

 

The most cited families are Lamiaceae, Asreracees, and Apiaceae. In the Lamiaceae one there are 11 spaces for each plant, and to treat some types of fungal disease for each species there is a different mode of use. For example Mentha, Thymus vulgaris, Salvia formalizes, Salvia Rosmarinus, and Teucrium polio these plants are medicinal and consumable plants like Mentha and Salvia officinale: these have the same mode of use Decoction and the same dose is used 'by handful' and used 'dry/fresh.

 

In the familyApiaceae there are several species Pimpinel la anisum, Coriandrum sativum, Bunium mauritanicum, Apium graveolens, Petroselinum sativum is a medicinal plant and its consumption uses the whole dry or fresh plant to treat skin diseases and diseases of the digestive system.

 

In the family Amaranthaceae, the species of Chenopodium album and the family Thymeleaceae the species of Thymelaea hirsuta, and the family Dryadaceae the species of Thapsia garganic are very toxic plants in the digestive system, they can reduce the risk of fungal infection and severe irritating itching and high temperature used as a poultice (pasty preparation).

 

In the Cactaceae family, the cactus species uses fresh as a poultice to treat and relieve burning sensation and tumor blisters, sores in the nose and mouth, muscle on the long side.

 

Research by Benaissa16, 2018 and Hadjadj17, 2019 and collaborators indicate that Ephedra alata (Alenda) is commonly used by the rural population of the Algerian steppe (Wilaya of Naama) as an antibacterial because it treats pimples and heals wounds and throat infections. It is used as an herbal tea.

 

Table 1: the names of antifungal plants and their type of disease

Family

Species

The state of the plant

Parts used

How to use

Rate used

Lamiaceae

ocimun

S: 2 (100%)

P: 2 (100%)

D: 1(50 %)

M: 1(50%)

D; 1(50%)

C; 1 (50%)

Mentha

F: (50%)

S: (50%)

M: 1 (100%)

D: 1(100%)

Po: 1 (100%)

Thymus vulgaris

M: 1 (50%)

S: 1 (50%)

M: 1 (50%)

S: 1 (50%)

D: 2 (100%)

Po: 2 (100%)

 

Salvia officinalis

M: 1 (100%)

F: (50%)

P: (50%)

D: 1 (100%)

Po: 1 (100%)

 Salvia Rosmarinus

S: 1 (100%)

P; 1 (100%)

D: 1 (100%)

Po: 1 (100%)

Teucrium montanium

S: 3 (100%)

M: 2 (66.66%)

P: 1 (33.33%)

M: 1 (100%)

D: 1 (100%)

I: 1 (100%)

Pi: 2 (66.66%)

C: 1 (33.33%)

Teucrium poliium

M: 1 (100%)

P: 1 (100%)

D: 1 (100%)

Po: 1 (100%)

Adjuga iva

F ;1 (33.33%)

S: 2 (66.66%)

M: 1 (33.33%)

P: 2 (66.66%)

M ;1 (33.33%)

D: 1 (33.33%)

P: 1 (33.33%)

C; 1 (33.33%)

Po; 2 (66.66%)

Mentha pulegium

F; 1 (50%)

S; 1 (50%)

P; 2 (100%)

M: 2 (100%)

D: 1 (50%)

Po: 1 (50%)

Rosmarinus officinalis

S; 2(100%)

F: 1(50%)

P; 1(50%)

D: 1(50%)

M: 1(50%)

C: 1(50%)

Po; 1(50%)

Melissa oficinalis

S: 1 (100%)

P; 1 (100%)

C: 1 (100%)

Po; 1(100%)

Ephedraceae

Ephedra alata

S: 2 (100%)

P: 2 (100%)

D: 1 (50%)

M; 1 (50%)

Gold: 1(50%)

D: 1 (50%)

Chenopdiaceae

Atriplex halimus

M: 1 (100%)

F:(50%)

G:(50%)

P: 1 (100%)

C: 1 (100%)

Rosacea

Prunus armeniaca

S: 1 (100%)

M: 1 (100%)

P: 1 (100%)

C: 1 (100%)

Asterace ae _ _

Artemisia herba alba

M: 1 (50%)

S: 1 (50%)

P: 2 (100%)

M: 1 (50%)

D: 1 (50%)

P: 2 (100%)

Echinops spinosissimus

S: 2 (100%)

P: 2 (100%)

I: 1 (50%)

P; 1 (50%)

D: 1 (50%)

P: 1 (50%°

Sonchus

S: 1 (100%)

P: 1 (100%)

D: 1 (100%)

P: 1 (100%)

Anacylclus valentine

F; 1 (50%)

S: 1 (50%)

P: 2 (100%)

P: 2 (100%)

C: 2 (100%)

Matricaria chamomile

F; 2 (100%)

F; 1 (50%)

P; 1 (50%)

C: 2 (100%)

Po; 2 (100%)

Helianthus annus

S; 2 (100%)

L: 1 (50%)

M: 1 (50%)

S: 1 (50%)

M: 150 %)

Po: 2 (100%)

Artemisia campestris

F; 1 (100%)

F; 1 (100%)

M; 1 (100%)

Po: 1 (100%)

Echinops spinosissimus

S; 1 (100%)

P; 1(100%)

D;1(100%)

Po: 1 (100%)

Pinaceae

Pines pinaster

F; 1 (100%)

G; 1 (100%)

I; 1 (100%)

Po: 1 (100%)

Upressus sempervirens

F; 1 (33.33 %)

S: 2 (66.66%)

M: 1 (33.33 %)

P: 2 (66.66%)

M; 1 (33.33%)

G: 1 (33.33%)

P: 1 (33.33%)

C; 1 (33.33 %)

Po; 2 (66.66%)

Asteraceae

Artemisia absinthium

F; (50%)

S; (50%)

P; 1 (100%)

D; 1 (100%)

Po: 1 (100%)

Juniperaceae

Junipers phoenicea

F; 1 (100%)

F; 1 (100%)

M; 1 (100%)

D:1(100%)

Dryadaceae

Thapsia garganica

F; 1 (100%)

P; 1 (100%)

C; 1 (100%)

Po: 1 (100%)

Iridaceae

Scorzonera undulta

F; 1 (100%)

F; 1 (100%)

D; 1 (100%)

C: 1 (100%)

Ziziphaceae

Ziziphusjujuba

S: 2 (100%)

S: 1 (50%)

G; 1 (50%)

D: 1(50%)

C; 1 (50%)

C: 2 (100%)

Pistaciaceae

Pistacia

M: 2 (100%)

T: 1 (50%)

P; 1 (50%)

C: 1 (50%)

I; 1 (50%)

Po; 2 (100%)

Thymeleaceae

Thymelaea hirsuta

S: 2 (100%)

M: 2 (100%)

P; 2 (100%)

D: 1 (50%)

P: 1 (50%°

Anacardia ceae

Pistacia lentiscus

F; 1 (33.33 %)

S: 2 (66.66%)

M: 1 (33.33 %)

P: 2 (66.66%)

M; 1 (33.33%)

D: 2 (66;66%)

C; 1 (33.33 %)

Po; 2 (66.66%)

Cactaceae

Cactus

F:2(100%)

M: 2 (100%)

M:1(50%)

C; 1 (50%)

D: 2 (100%)

Nitrariaceae

Peganum harmala

M: 2 (100%)

G:1(50%)

P; 1 (50%)

C:1(50%)

P; 1 (50%)

D: 1 (50%)

C:1(50%°

Poales

Aristida pungens

F; 1 (100%)

P; 1 (100%)

C;1(100%)

Po: 1 (100%)

Oleacea

Olea europaea

S: 1 (50%)

F; 1 (50%)

M: 2 (100%)

 

M:1(50%)

C; 1 (50%)

D: 2 (100%)

Rhamnaceae

Rhamnus

S: 2 (100%)

G: 2 (100%)

D:2(100%)

 

D: 1 (50%)

C: 1 (50%)

Ziziphus spina - christi

S: 2 (100%)

M: 2 (100%)

D:1(50%)

P; 1 (50%)

C:1(50%)

D: 1 (50%)

cruciferous

Sisymbriu m

F; 1 (100%)

P; 1 (100 %)

D;1(100%)

Po: 1 (100%)

Umbelliferae

Carum capticum

F:2(100%)

P: 2 (100%)

D:1(50%)

M; 1 (50%)

D: 1 (50%)

S: 1 (50%)

Cucurbitaceae

Citrullus colocynthis

F; 1(100%)

F; 1(100%)

C; 1 (100%)

Po: 1 (100%)

Verbenacea

Lippia citrodra

S: 1 (50%)

F; 1 (50)

P: 2(100%)

C:1(50%)

P; 1(50%)

D: 1 (50%)

C: 1 (50%)

Fabaceae

Retma

S;1(100%)

F; 1(100%)

P; 1 (100%)

C: 1 (100%)

Ceratonia silique

S; 1 (100%)

F; 1(100%)

D;1(100%)

Po: 1 (100%)

Amaryllid aceae

Allium schoenoprasum

S: 1 (50%)

F; 1 (50%)

P: 1(50%)

F; 1(50%)

D:2(100%)

 

D: 1 (50%)

P: 1 (50%°

Apiaceae

Pimpinella Anisum

F; 1 (100%)

G;1(100%)

P;1(100%)

C: 1 (100%)

Coriandrum sativa

S: 1 (50%)

F; 1 (50%)

S: 1 (50%)

L: 1 (50%)

D: 1 (50%)

P; 1 (50%)

S: 1 (50%)

C: 1 (50%°

Bunium mauritanicum

S; 1 (100%)

P; 1 (100%)

P; 1 (100%)

C: 1 (100%)

Apium graveolens

F:2(100%)

P: 2 (100%)

D: 2 (100%)

D: 1 (50%)

S: 1 (50%)

Petroselinum sativa

M: 2 (100%)

P: 2 (100%)

D: 1 (50%)

C;1(50%)

D: 1 (50%)

P: 1 (50%°

Brassicaceae

Radish

S; 1 (100%)

P; 1 (100%)

D;1(100%)

C;1(100%)

Eruca vesicaria

M: 2 (100%)

S: 1 (50%)

F; 1 (50%)

D: 1 (50%)

C; 1 (50%)

D: 1 (50%)

P: 1 (50%°

Poaceae

Stipa tenacissima

S: 1 (50%)

M: 1 (50%)

P: 2 (100%)

M: 1 (50%)

D; 1 (50%)

D: 1 (100%)

P: 1 (100%°

Hordeum vulgar

S;1(100%)

G; 1 (100%)

D; 1 (100%)

Po: 1 (100%)

Malvaceae

malva

F; 1 (100%)

F; 1 (100%)

C;1(100%)

D:1(100%)

Plantaginaceae

Plantago

F; 1 (33.33%)

S: 2 (66.66%)

M: 1 (33.33%)

P: 2 (66.66%)

M; 1 (100%)

D: 1 (100%)

C:1(100%)

D;1(33.33%)

Po; 2 (66.66%)

Liliaceae

Allium sativum

F; 1 (100%)

F; 1 (100%)

C; 1 (100%)

Po: 1 (100%)

Allium cepa

F; 1 (100%)

P; 1 (100%)

C;1(100%)

Po: 1 (100%)

Amaranth aceae

Haloxylon

S; 1 (100%)

P; 1 (100 %)

D; 1 (100%)

Po: 1 (100%)

Terfeziaceae

Terfezia arenaria

F; 1 (100%)

P; 1 (100%)

D; 1 (100%)

D: 1 (100%)

Myrataceae

Ecalyptus globulus

F; 1 (100%)

P;1(100%)

D; 1 (100%)

Po: 1 (100%)

Apocynaceae

Adenium obesity

F; 1 (100%)

F; 1 (100%)

M; 1 (100%)

Po: 1 (100%)

Asparagaceae

Tufted Grape Hyacinth

S; 1 (100%)

F; 1 (100%)

D; 1 (100%)

D: 1 (100%)

Amaranthaceae

Chenopoduim album

S; 1 (100%)

G; 1 (100%)

C;1(100%)

C: 1 (100%)

Parts used: (F; leaf) (T; stem) (G; seed) (P; the whole plant)

- Mode of use: (I; infusion) (P; powder) (D; decoction) (M; maceration) (C; poultice)

-Dose used: (Pi; per pinch) (C; per cular) (Po; per handful) (D; dose not specified)

 

 

CONCLUSION:

Regardless of the improvement of the medication business of compound beginning, customary phytotherapy for the battle against human pathogenic organisms as of now is a wellspring of cure second to none. The last option has wide dissemination among populaces with trust in well-known clinical use and not possessing the ability to bear the expenses of current medication. Without a doubt, homegrown medication assumes a vital part in the cutting-edge restorative field, developing a data set through ethnobotanical study. The last option is wealthy in experimental information coming about because of the encounters of men.The utilization of unconstrained restorative plants rules that of developed plants and the majority of these plants are collected physically, particularly in spring. What's more, the restorative plants are utilized alone without a relationship with different plants, largely in a dry state.

 

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Received on 07.09.2022         Modified on 19.12.2022

Accepted on 21.02.2023   ©AandV Publications All Right Reserved

Res.  J. Pharma. Dosage Forms and Tech.2023; 15(2):80-84.

DOI: 10.52711/0975-4377.2023.00014